What is Epilepsy?

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Epilepsy (from the Greek επιληψία /epili΄psia/ ) is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms of abnormal, excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.

[About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, with almost 90% of these people being in developing countries.

Epilepsy is more likely to occur in young children, or people over the age of 65 years, however it can occur at any time. Epilepsy is usually controlled, but not cured, with medication, although surgery may be considered in difficult cases. However, over 30% of people with epilepsy do not have seizure control even with the best available medications.

Not all epilepsy syndromes are lifelong – some forms are confined to particular stages of childhood. Epilepsy should not be understood as a single disorder, but rather as a group of syndromes with vastly divergent symptoms but all involving episodic abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Epilepsies are classified in five ways:

1. By their first cause (or etiology).

2. By the observable manifestations of the seizures, known as semiology.

3. By the location in the brain where the seizures originate.

4. As a part of discrete, identifiable medical syndromes.

5. By the event that triggers the seizures, as in primary reading epilepsy or musicogenic epilepsy.

In 1981, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) proposed a classification scheme for individual seizures that remains in common use. This classification is based on observation (clinical and EEG) rather than the underlying ...........................End of Sample

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